Products > Utilities: Heating

Hot Water System

Hot Water System: A system that uses a thermodynamic process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature. These systems are available in a number of sizes and powered from several fuel sources such as gas, solar or electricity

Things to Consider When Purchasing This Product:

SYSTEM ELEMENTS: --- Heat Energy Source such as fuel combustion, electrical conversion, solar energy, geothermal, recovered waste heat --- Heat Transfer Equipment choice of direct, indirect, or combination --- Distribution system (circulating or non-circulating) --- Terminal hot-water usage devices usage pattern - irregular flow, constant flow, no flow SYSTEM VARIABLES: Recovery efficiency, Recovery rate, Fixture unit (number on arbitrary scale related to load-producing effects of fixtures and equipment), Thermal efficiency, Input efficiency, Energy factor according to DOE 10CFR430 and ASHRAE Standard 118.2, First-hour rating (max amount of hot-water supplied in 1 h), Standby loss of tank water heater, Standby loss coefficient of storage water heater, Hot-water distribution efficiency, Heater/system efficiency, System standby loss, DESIGN: Water heater standby losses, recovery efficiency, thermal efficiency, or energy factors; Distribution system layout, sizing, insulation, fixture and equipment location, minimize piping lengths and diameters (reduce water and energy waste), Heat trap locations, Scheduled operation of circulating pumps, Building vacancy shutdown option to reduce standby losses, DISTRIBUTION: Piping material and insulation, Water treatment requirements, Local code requirements, Pressure differential for blended hot and cold water (minimize), Piping heat loss, Hot-water delivery delays, Recirculation loops, Return piping, Heat trace (electric resistance heating cable) requirements, Multiple water heaters, Special piping for commercial dishwashers (NSF Standards, water pressure for commercial kitchens (NSF standards), Two-temperature service, Manifolding; Water quality, scale, and corrosion, SPECIAL CONCERNS: Legionnaire's Disease, Scalding, Temperature requirement, Warranty